If large urban centres are the core constituency of the liberal government of Polish Prime Minister Donald Tusk, then Sunday's presidential election first round showed him struggling against an anti-establishment pushback simmering throughout Europe.

Nationalism remains the defining matter of European politics as these elections have presented referendums on the populist movements gaining traction in the Old World.

More than 3,000 Polish people based in Bedfordshire, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire are eligible to vote in the nation's presidential election. The first round of voting is on Sunday, with polling stations located in Bedford, Dunstable, Watford and Welwyn Hatfield.

Poland will hold the first round of a presidential election on May 18, setting the scene for a vote that will be crucial for the pro-European government's hopes of implementing its reformist agenda.

Poland’s Prime Minister Donald Tusk says Russian hackers attacked the websites of parties in his ruling coalition just two days before a presidential election.

Centrist Warsaw Mayor Rafal Trzaskowski and nationalist Karol Nawrocki will compete in a second round of the presidential election in Poland on June 1, the electoral commission said based on votes from 100% of electoral districts.

Warsaw mayor Rafal Trzaskowski, the Oxford-educated son of a jazz musician and frontrunner in Sunday's Polish presidential election, made friends across the European Parliament when he worked there, including with Portugal's now-foreign minister.