The nutcracker phenomenon results from a rare anatomic abnormality where the left renal vein (LRV) is compressed by the aorta and superior mesenteric artery. Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) is defined by ...

Systemic manifestations of gnathostomiasis can affect the skin, brain, gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system, while ocular involvement is rare. 5 Intraocular gnathostomiasis, though uncommon, ...

Ovarian vein thrombosis (OVT) is a rare thromboembolic condition largely involving the right ovarian vein. Risk factors include pregnancy/ peripartum period, oestrogen therapy, recent surgery or ...

Bow hunter’s syndrome is a rare syndrome of dynamic compression of the vertebral artery leading to recurrent posterior circulation stroke and/or transient ischaemic attack. The artery is compressed by ...

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare immune-mediated disorder of the peripheral nerves. Although its cause is not fully understood, the syndrome often follows infection with a virus or bacteria, ...

We report a case of a woman in her early 20s who presented with chronic and refractory oro-oesophageal ulcers and significant weight loss. The common causes of refractory ulcers were ruled out. Biopsy ...

An immunocompetent man in his 20s presented with a 24-hour history of severe odynophagia, nausea, vomiting and throat pain. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) revealed severe esophagitis with ulcerated ...

Marathon running or other forms of strenuous exercise have been reported as a rare cause of acute pancreatitis. Theories as to the mechanism of acute pancreatitis include microvascular ischaemia due ...

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Acute genital ulcers (AGU), known as Lipschütz ulcers, are painful vulvar ulcers typically affecting non-sexually active girls and women. AGU have been associated with viral infections, namely, ...

An elderly woman with metastatic breast cancer was admitted with hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) and an elevated haemoglobin A1C. For 1 week, she had experienced confusion, nausea and frequent ...

We present a case of sebaceous carcinoma presenting as treatment-resistant chalazion. Diagnosis was made by excisional biopsy after failed treatment with warm compresses, eyelid hygiene and ...